Wednesday, 1 June 2016

Iran, Arabs and Nostalgia

After decades of obliviousness, images of streets, gardens, beaches, schools, theaters, and youngsters that tell the story of the recent past were recalled. A past which has become a dream of peace and reconciliation with one’s self in a shared community in an era that has disappeared following decades of dictating extremism that had struck the region.


Feeling nostalgic to the 1960s and 1970s is common between Arabs and Iranians, who regret losing their past due to past political events that ruined their present and turned it upside down.


The change in history repeats Khamenei’s revolution as extremists took over power and Iran became the extremist country inspiring millions of those affected by this revolution and calls for alliance by religious groups in the region.


Cairo, Tehran, Riyadh, Kuwait, Beirut and other Middle Eastern capitals were very different than they are today as people in these cities looked more civilized and streets looked safer.


When those born after that era compare their cities now and then, they find it difficult to believe they are describing the same place and talking about the same people who have changed drastically to become stringent.


When was Tehran happier, in the early 1970s or in the 21st century? Is Cairo, which looks worn out today, different from the city of joy and creativity during the times of presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat?


We neither need pictures from the past nor witnesses of that era; it is enough to listen to this generation’s aspirations that are not different from what their parents had once lived. How ironic that the future they hope for is their parent’s past.


Is it a weird situation? Well, it is weird but not rare.


Our region, which was afflicted by religious “awakening” stage, suffered from religious extremism, yet it is not the only one as China suffered from communist extremist stage that was falsely called the “cultural revolution.”


In 1966, communists led by Mao Zedong carried out an “awakening” plan that was not against the enemies of communism but against their own communist comrades, who they considered less committed than they were.


The Communist Party exploited youth to impose extremist ideas on the community back then, pursued parents and teachers, collected books and burnt them, and destroyed many of China’s cultural symbols and historical monuments.


Their cars roamed the streets and propagated Zedong’s slogans; calling on people to chase after those who do not abide by his precepts.


The Arab-Iranian and Chinese awakening had the same results, as China’s public opinion later voiced its rejection of what had happened as seen by the correctional movement that prosecuted the leaders of the awakening movement and held them accountable.


Later on, China changed, as did its people’s perceptions, ideas, lifestyle, and their relations with one another and with the world.


This nostalgic feeling this generation is expressing is not but a manifestation of the rejection they are expressing for all what is happening nowadays and their desire to return to their parents’ era.


People want to live happily. This does not mean they are less religious, and it does not compromise traditions.


There will come a day when someone from the Iranian regime itself will lead a movement that takes them back to the era of the 1960s and 1970s and gets rid of religious extremism. The same will happen in the Arab world as people will get rid of all the restrictions imposed on them in the name of the “awakening”.



Iran, Arabs and Nostalgia

Opinion: Two Ways to Achieve Federalism in the Near East

These have been difficult hours in the process of “liberating” the Iraqi city of Fallujah after its long suffering under the occupation of ISIS. The Syrian city of Raqqa, which ISIS has declared as its “capital” is expecting a similar fate within hours or days if we are to believe what we hear.


Indeed, there is no problem with liberating the two cities and saving their long suffering populations from the abuse of an extremist group that has incessantly distorted Islam and harmed it by pitting it in bloody and destructive confrontation against the whole world.


There is no problem with normal life returning to the two long enduring cities along with their environs, and beyond them, the whole of Iraq and Syria; two Arab countries that boast being cradles of world civilization for thousands of years and bastions of Arabism and Islam for more than 1300 years.


However, it is well known that what is being promoted by the international community as regards the military operations – as necessary as they really are – is not the overall picture of what is taking place. If one looks deeper into the political details and backgrounds of the current military campaign the least one can say is that the situation is worrying. While it may be excessive to compare the weak Iraqi regime to its murderous Syrian counterpart, neither is worth entrusting with safeguarding a healthy civil society, whereby the weak are protected and the ambitions of the strong majority and foreign meddling are kept in check.


Frankly, the Haider Al-Abadi government in Iraq is too weak to defend the Iraqi Sunni Arabs against the projects of Iran and its regional ‘military commissar’ Qasem Soleimani. Neither this government nor the fragile ‘compromise’ formula that maintains are capable of curbing Iran’s voracious appetite or persuade the Kurds of northern Iraq to respect Iraq’s national unity and territorial integrity under a proper federal system. Iran is really working for absolute hegemony over Iraqi territories up to the Kurdish ‘borders’ recognized and protected by the USA and the West. As for the Kurdish leaderships, despite their polite and skilful diplomacy, they aspire for full secession en route to establishing ‘Greater Kurdistan’ extending from the Mediterranean to the lands beyond the Zagros and Taurus mountain ranges in Iran and Turkey, respectively.


The Al-Assad regime, on the other hand, despite its pan-Arabist slogans, has uncovered throughout the past five years its ugly reality. It is now seen for what it is; a fascist, sectarian, clannish and clientelist regime that has nothing to do pan-Arabism, Socialism, ‘rejectionism’ (of American policies) and ‘confrontationism’ (against Israeli occupation). After killing hundreds of thousands and turning millions of Syrians into refugees, this regime has been kept in power by a ‘quadrilateral safety net’ provided by Iran, Russia, the USA and Israel.


As regards to its fake expansive pan-Arabist ‘unionism’, it has now shrunk to merely bolstering ‘Useful Syria’ and bargaining with secessionist Kurds on an ever expanding entity under dubious international sponsorship which gives credence to talks of ‘partition maps’ being drawn. Thus, if these maps in their Kurdish dimension adversely affect Turkey, they surely draw a big question mark on as what may be in store for other entities, presumably less immune than Iraq and Syria, such as Lebanon, Jordan and – of course – what remains of Palestine.


At the moment, futile debate continues about election reform in Lebanon, occupied by the forces of the ‘status quo’ and subjugated by the de facto authority of Hezbollah. Hezbollah – and subsequently Iran – insists on ‘proportional representation’ while keeping its weapons and security network and institution outside state jurisdictions. However, the Aounist ‘Free Patriotic Movement’ which is Hezbollah and Iran’s ‘Christian cover’ prefers a stark sectarian system whereby each religious sect elects its own members of parliament. Between this huge and strange gap between the positions of the two erstwhile ‘allies’, different Lebanese parties and blocs have different preferences, such as ‘single constituency’ (one man, one vote) and ‘mixed system’ that combines PR and direct votes.


Worth discussing here is that before the ‘partition’ wars in Iraq and Syria broke out, the ‘Taif Agreement’ which helped end the Lebanese War (1975-1990) included two important points: the adoption of wide-powered administrative decentralization, and the founding of a senate elected along sectarian lines. Had the Lebanese implemented these two points, or were allowed to do so by the then Syrian ‘occupation authority’, Lebanon might have moved halfway toward a fair, viable, truly institutional and consensual electoral system.


Furthermore, such a system could have been prescribed to both Iraq and Syria where non-sectarian and non-racial ‘Arabist Ba’thism’ evolved to create two clan-based sectarian regimes; the first brought down by global interests in 2003 only to be replaced by foreign occupation, bloodbaths and a more sectarian alternative; while the second is being kept by these interests on the remains of nationhood and dreams of citizenship.


The Lebanese, stubbornly overlooking genuine ‘federalism’ that recognizes the rights of the majority and reassures the minorities, can clearly see the ‘other’ version of ‘federalism’; bloodshed and uprooting in Iraq and Syria, yet they still refuse to learn their lesson.


They can see what crimes ‘The People’s Mobilization’ (Al-Hashd Al-Shaabi) militia is committing in Fallujah after what it had perpetrated in Tikrit and Al-Muqdadyiah. They are also following what the Kurdish militias are ‘promising’ Raqqa, Tell Abyad and the Aleppo countryside after the atrocities of the Assad ‘shabbiha’ militias, their ‘allies’, as well as what their ‘masters’ have committed and continue to commit in Al-Qussayr, Al-Huleh, Darayya and Eastern Ghouta, but still they do not seem to be brave enough to take the right decision.


Today the Lebanese, unlike their Iraqi and Syrian brethren, have a unique chance to agree on a civilized federal system that could spare them a revisit to the devastating sectarian conflict and the ensuing suicidal calls for outside help which resulted in more than 150,000 people being killed during 15 years of war.


The whole Middle East is facing an unclear future, ‘carving out’ is underway, religious and racial extremism is ripe in Iran and Israel is threatening to destroy the present Arab entities with international collusion.


When are we going to wake up?



Opinion: Two Ways to Achieve Federalism in the Near East

Syrian HNC Rearranges its Internal Affairs

Inside sources at the Syrian opposition’s High Negotiations Committee (HNC) said that it has started talks to rearrange its internal affairs, especially in terms of appointing a new head of the negotiating delegation and expanding its circle of representatives, to facilitate making an appropriate decision regarding this matter at its next meeting that is supposed to take place in approximately ten days’ time.


After the Syrian opposition’s chief negotiator Mohammed Alloush submitted his resignation, there is now a tendency to abolish the position that he previously held and appoint a leader of the delegation. It is almost settled that the leader will not be a military one and it is not necessary for the individual to be a member of the HNC.


The sources also revealed that a decision has been made to appoint a substitute for the head of the negotiating delegation Asaad Al-Zoubi which will prompt him to hand in his resignation. The sources noted that while his performance is commendable, he has been criticised for his undiplomatic and “military personality” that often reflects negatively on the body’s relations with international authorities.


After the sources highlighted the existence of a trend to expand the circle of representatives in the negotiating team to include new parties from “the Cairo Platform” and “the Moscow platform”, they said that names tipped to take over the delegation’s leadership alternate between Basma Qadamani and Jihad Al-Maqdisi among others.


However, the sources stressed that the selection is subject to several considerations, especially the participation of the four components of the committee; the National Coalition, the National Coordination Body, military factions and independent individuals.



Syrian HNC Rearranges its Internal Affairs

Gulf Integration through Saudi Vision

Jeddah-Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud chaired at King Abdullah International Center for Conferences in Jeddah on Tuesday the concluding session of the 16th consultative meeting of the leaders and heads of delegations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states.


GCC Secretary General Abdullatif al-Zayani announced that the GCC leaders approved the formation of a high-level body among the member states called “Commission of Economic and Developmental Affairs.”


This body aims at enhancing integration and coordination among GCC countries in all economic and development fields and accelerate the pace of joint action, he said.


According to al-Zayani, the Commission will follow up the implementation of King Salman’s vision and examine policies, recommendations, studies and projects that contribute to enhancing cooperation, coordination and integration among the member states in economic and developmental sectors.


It will also follow up the implementation of decisions, agreements and regulations adopted by GCC pertaining to economy.


“The GCC leaders also approved the basic law of the Economic Judiciary Commission as mentioned in the economic agreement among the GCC states to serve the interests of the GCC citizens and enable them to benefit from integrated projects and agreements among the member states,” he stated.


Al-Zayani added that the leaders also agreed to hold joint regular meetings of the GCC ministers of defense, interior and foreign affairs in order to coordinate policies among the member states and take appropriate decisions.


Addressing the press conference, Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir said that the Commission would be granted powers to take decisions on various issues.


“This body will come out with solutions for economic problems and will present these solutions in front of the GCC leaders directly for their approval.”


“The idea is that there would be an active mechanism to take necessary decisions so as to materialize economic integration among the member states,” he said while pointing out that this Commission represents a quantum leap regarding the economic and financial issues among the GCC states.


Al-Jubeir said the Commission would reduce the long procedures to the minimum in taking decisions on key financial and economic issues.


“In the past such issues were handled by the ministerial level committees. Then these committees refer them to the ministries, and the ministries forward them to the Cabinet so that the Cabinet submits them to the head of state.”


On the other hand, al-Jubeir said the Kingdom demands sending ground troops to Syria to save the Syrians.


“The Kingdom sees ground intervention is an inevitable step to find a solution to the Syrian tragedy. The Kingdom is still ready to participate in an international ground troop mission; led by the United States and other allies.”


Al-Jubeir blamed Iran for sponsoring terror and interfering in the internal affairs of neighboring states.


“The GCC states hope that Iran would stop interfering in the affairs of the region, through supporting terrorism, planting terrorist cells and spreading sectarian militias in the region to undermine the security and stability of the countries.”


He emphasized that the GCC states cannot have normal relations with a state that “has no goal but to destroy us, plant cells and smuggle explosives into our allies, in order to destabilize the region.


“Our doors will be open to build better relations with Iran, being a neighboring Islamic state, when it stops such acts, changes its policies and adheres to the principle of good neighborliness and non-interference in the affairs of others,” he added.


On the Russian guarantees for non-Iranian interference in the Gulf States’ internal affairs, al-Jubeir explained that Russia has nothing to do with this.


Referring to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s statement regarding the revival of 2002 Arab peace initiative, al-Jubeir said that it is too early to evaluate the seriousness of Israel in this respect.


“When the Israeli prime minister talked about the initiative, he was talking about some of provisions which are positive in his point of view, but he did not accept the Arab initiative as published in the media.”


“However, what is more important is to resume negotiations between the Palestinian Authority and Israel. The Israelis were rejecting the negotiations initiated by the U.S.-Quartet,” Jubeir noted.


Regarding Yemeni issue, Jubeir said that negotiations are going on in Kuwait on the basis of the GCC Initiative and the U.N. Security Council resolution.


On the Saudi role in the establishment of peace in Yemen, Jubeir pointed out that Saudi efforts in Yemen have begun several years ago with the conviction that the solution in Yemen must be peacefully based on Security Council resolution 2216, the national dialogue and the GCC initiative.


On Libyan Unity Government, the Saudi minister confirmed that it is a legitimate government.


“There are international efforts to bring closer leaders of various Libyan groups to resolve the conflict in the strife-torn country,” he added.



Gulf Integration through Saudi Vision

Al-Jabouri Calls MPs to Head to Battle Fronts

Baghdad – Member of Iraqi Forces Union MP Mohammed al-Karbouli said that Prime Minister Haidar al-Abadi was waiting for the quorum to present the names of the seven new ministers.


Al-Karbouli said that yesterday’s session was exceptional and attended by 160 MPs. He added that five more MPs would have sufficed to reach quorum, yet some MPs were travelling and others on sick-leaves. Al-Karbouli told Asharq Al Awsat that five Kurdish MPs were present but preferred not to attend the session for administrative reasons. He said that lack of quorum made it impossible to vote on new minister and thus partially answered the demonstrators’ demands.


Speaker Salim al-Jabouri announced the suspension of work and called on members of parliament to head to the battle fronts and see the situation that fighters deal with, and follow-up with the needs of displaced citizens.


MP al-Karbouli said that what al-Jabouri called for is hard to meet as it is difficult for any member of the parliament to be at the frontlines without cover.


MP of the Kurdistan Alliance Ashwaq al-Jaf said that the issue is different for the Kurdish MPs with the Kurdish Peshmerga. Kurdish MPs are on the frontlines with the Peshmerga forces as it is their duty, al-Jaf said. When asked by Asharq AlAwsat about al-Jabouri’s request that MPs head to battle fronts, al-Jaf said that this means that the MPs support the fighters and the people despite the holiday.



Al-Jabouri Calls MPs to Head to Battle Fronts

Kuwaiti Peace Consultations Tackle Details of Withdrawal and Handing over Weapons

Riyadh-The current Yemeni peace talks in Kuwait continue amid a great deal of secrecy as international and U.N. efforts are spent to reach an understanding to end the crisis.


Peace consultations currently tackle sensitive facts concerning means to put an end to the war and the following steps needed to reach a political settlement after Houthi militias and forces loyal to their ally, former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, had ousted the legitimate government.


Asharq al-Awsat learned form sources close to the peace talks that the Western efforts exerted to solve the crisis are, to a large extent, similar to the suggestions of the rebels, and therefore has turned into pressuring the legitimate government delegation to accept the suggestions that would legalize the coup.


However, the sources added that the Western efforts are still not similar or unified in their proposals to solve the crisis, or in the way they look at the Yemeni parities, particularly that the international community is determined to recognize President Abd-Rabu Mansur Hadi and his government.


Sources also said that: “the main complication during these consultations is not the issue of the government, the presidency or the partnership, but rather acknowledging the presence of a legitimate coup.”


“Such proposals will remain in the frame of raising the roof of demands, and it is certain that they won’t be endorsed if not accepted by Yemenis,” the sources said, adding that “the rebel delegation is using the (peace) consultations to receive legitimacy and give a different interpretation to the U.N. Resolution 2216.”


Asharq al-Awsat also quoted its sources as saying “that the Houthis demands fall under reaching an agreement on presidential, governmental and all other appointments, in addition to handling 50% of the ministerial portfolios and posts in the military and other institutions.”


“The Houthis also demand the annulation of several decisions previously taken by President Abd-Rabu Mansur Hadi, including the appointment of the vice president and prime minister, and an agreement on the formation of military, security and political committees generated from the current talks,” the sources said.


A source participating in the consultations praised the role played by the host country, Kuwait, in its efforts to solve the crisis. “Our Kuwaiti brothers are honest in their efforts to bring Yemen out of its current crisis and to put an end to the war, however the rebel groups have a huge, detrimental plan for Yemen and the region in general,” the source told Asharq al-Awsat. The source added that claims made by Houthi rebels that they are a minority are false. “They are not a minority, and they own weapons they stole from the Yemeni government. These weapons should be taken from them,” the source said.


U.N. envoy to Yemen Ismail Ould Sheikh Ahmed said Tuesday that security issues have dominated discussions in the Yemeni peace talks.He added that the “violations of cessation of hostilities are not acceptable.”


He said: “Economic decline and shortage in water and electricity should motivate the parties to double their efforts towards reaching a comprehensive solution.


“Political bickering would only complicate issues. Only a political solution will help resolve them.”



Kuwaiti Peace Consultations Tackle Details of Withdrawal and Handing over Weapons

How Al Falih started his first meeting in Vienna

Vienna: A large number of journalists failed late Monday to speak with new Saudi Energy Minister Khalid Al Falih after arriving at a hotel in Vienna from a backdoor.


The journalists had gathered at the entrance of Park Hyatt hotel in Vienna to wait for the arrival of the Saudi minister. Al Falih showed up few minutes before midnight and chose to enter the hotel from a backdoor. Although journalists followed him to the elevator door, the new minister had entered without answering any of their questions.


Al Falih is in Austria to attend Thursday his first OPEC meeting. Even on Tuesday morning, journalists could not follow the new minister when he left, also from a backdoor, heading to OPEC headquarters.


Commenting on what happened, analyst Mohammed Al Ramadi said: “This is very normal. Al Falih does not want his comments as energy minister to be misreported by media outlets, especially that the market is so eager to learn how he thinks.”


Reuters had also published a report on Tuesday about the arrival of Al Falih to Austria three days ahead of the OPEC meeting, saying this was a sign that the new minister takes this organization very seriously.


At his arrival, Al Falih visited OPEC headquarters and met with Secretary General Abdullah al-Badri for about an hour and a half, then toured the building.


Thursday will be Al Falih’s first meeting at OPEC. Four Saudi ministers had sat on the same seat at OPEC, the last one being Saudi Oil Minister Ali al-Naimi. Al Falih is expected to face the same challenges as his predecessor, who witnessed 20 years of disputes in OPEC and the market’s management.



How Al Falih started his first meeting in Vienna